FARSI BHASHA AUR SAHITYA KA BHARTIYA SAMAJ PAR PRABHAV

phaarasee bhaasha aur saahity ka bhaarateey samaaj par prabhaav atyant vyaapak, gahan aur deerghakaaleen raha hai. vishesh roop se madhyakaaleen bhaarat, visheshakar dillee saltanat aur mugal kaal ke dauraan, phaarasee bhaasha ne na keval prashaasanik bhaasha ke roop mein balki saanskrtik, saahityik aur bauddhik jeevan kee pramukh abhivyakti ke roop mein mahatvapoorn sthaan praapt kiya. is shodh ka mukhy uddeshy yah vishleshan karana hai ki phaarasee bhaasha aur saahity ne bhaarateey samaaj ke naitik, saanskrtik, saamaajik aur bhaashaee vikaas ko kis prakaar prabhaavit kiya. phaarasee bhaasha ka bhaarat mein pravesh raajaneetik sampark ke maadhyam se hua, kintu yah sheeghr hee saanskrtik aur bauddhik kshetr mein bhee sthaapit ho gaee. dillee saltanat ke kaal se lekar mugal kaal tak phaarasee bhaasha ko raajakeey sanrakshan praapt raha, jisake kaaran yah prashaasan, nyaay, kootaneeti aur shiksha kee pramukh bhaasha ban gaee. isake parinaamasvaroop phaarasee keval shaasakeey bhaasha tak seemit nahin rahee, balki yah uchch varg kee saanskrtik pahachaan ka prateek ban gaee. mugal kaal mein phaarasee bhaasha ka vikaas apane charam par pahuncha. is kaal mein darabaaree saahity, itihaas lekhan, kaavy aur darshan ke kshetr mein phaarasee ka vyaapak upayog hua. phaarasee saahity mein saadee, haaphij, phiradausee aur roomee jaise mahaan saahityakaaron kee rachanaon ka adhyayan bhaarateey vidvaanon aur vidyaarthiyon dvaara kiya jaata tha. in saahityik krtiyon mein jeevan ke naitik moolyon, prem, aadhyaatmikata aur saamaajik sambandhon ka gahan vishleshan milata hai. vishesh roop se saadee kee ‘gulistaan’ aur ‘bustaan’ jaisee krtiyaan bhaarateey shiksha pranaalee mein naitik shiksha ke pramukh srot ke roop mein prayukt hotee theen. in granthon ke maadhyam se vidyaarthiyon ko saty, eemaanadaaree, vinamrata, nyaay aur maanavata jaise moolyon kee shiksha dee jaatee thee. is prakaar phaarasee saahity ne bhaarateey samaaj mein naitik moolyon ke vikaas mein mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. phaarasee bhaasha aur saahity ne bhaarateey aur islaamee sanskrtiyon ke beech sanvaad aur samanvay ko bhee protsaahit kiya. yah sanvaad keval bhaashaee star tak seemit nahin tha, balki saamaajik, dhaarmik aur saanskrtik star par bhee isaka prabhaav dekha gaya. parinaamasvaroop ek samanvit sanskrti ka vikaas hua, jise ganga-jamunee tahajeeb ke roop mein jaana jaata hai. is saanskrtik samanvay mein phaarasee bhaasha ne ek setu ka kaary kiya. bhaarateey bhaashaon ke vikaas mein bhee phaarasee ka mahatvapoorn yogadaan raha. vishesh roop se urdoo bhaasha ka vikaas phaarasee, arabee aur sthaaneey bhaashaon ke mishran se hua. hindee bhaasha mein bhee anek phaarasee shabdon ka samaavesh hua, jisase usakee shabdaavalee aur abhivyakti kshamata samrddh huee. prashaasanik aur saahityik shabdaavalee mein phaarasee ka prabhaav aaj bhee spasht roop se dekha ja sakata hai. phaarasee saahity ke maadhyam se soophee vichaaradhaara ka bhee vyaapak prasaar hua. soophee santon ne prem, sahishnuta, samaanata aur maanavata ke siddhaanton ka prachaar kiya. in vichaaron ne bhaarateey samaaj mein dhaarmik sahishnuta aur saamaajik samarasata ko badhaava diya. is prakaar phaarasee saahity keval saahityik abhivyakti ka maadhyam nahin raha, balki yah saamaajik parivartan ka bhee ek sashakt saadhan bana. haalaanki, phaarasee bhaasha ka prabhaav samaaj ke sabhee vargon par samaan roop se nahin pada. yah mukhyatah uchch varg aur shikshit samaaj tak seemit rahee. graameen aur nimn varg ke logon tak isakee pahunch seemit thee. isake baavajood, prashaasan aur sanskrti ke maadhyam se isaka apratyaksh prabhaav poore samaaj par pada. british shaasan ke aagaman ke baad phaarasee bhaasha ka mahatv dheere-dheere kam ho gaya. 1837 mein ise prashaasanik bhaasha ke roop mein hata diya gaya aur angrejee tatha bhaarateey bhaashaon ko sthaan diya gaya. phir bhee, phaarasee bhaasha aur saahity kee saanskrtik viraasat bhaarateey samaaj mein banee rahee aur aaj bhee isake prabhaav ko bhaasha, saahity aur sanskrti mein dekha ja sakata hai. antatah yah nishkarsh nikaala ja sakata hai ki phaarasee bhaasha aur saahity ne bhaarateey samaaj ke naitik, saanskrtik aur bhaashaee vikaas mein atyant mahatvapoorn yogadaan diya. isane vibhinn sanskrtiyon ke beech sanvaad ko badhaava diya, saahityik paramparaon ko samrddh kiya aur samaaj mein maanaveey moolyon ko sthaapit kiya. yah adhyayan is tathy ko sthaapit karata hai ki bhaasha keval sanchaar ka maadhyam nahin hotee, balki yah samaaj ke vichaar, sanskrti aur moolyon ko gaharaee se prabhaavit karatee hai.