Volume : 9, Issue : 7, JUL 2023

BHARATEY ITIHAS MEIN VIBHINN VIDYAON AUR KALA-KAUSHALON KEE SAMRDDHI HAI (?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???-?????? ?? ????????)

RAJESH KUMAR MALVIYA (????? ????? ???????)

Abstract

?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????, ??????? ???? ????-?????? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ????, ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???- ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????, ???? ??? ??-??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????, ???????? ? ??????? ?????, ??????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??, ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???-?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??, ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????- ??????? ??????, ???????, ??????, ????????, ?????, ?????, ?????, ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???-??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ????

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References

1. ????? ??????, ??-3 ?? ?????????, 1/203 ?? ??????
2. ??????? ???? ?? ??????, ??????-2
3. ???????, ???????/62/53 ??? ??????????? ????/5/50
4. ???????, ???????/1/19, 54, 87, 2/39,385, ??????????, 136/18 ??? ??????????? ????/5/36,51,57
5. ???????, ???????/1/67
6. ???????????? - ???????
7. (i)???? ?? ??????? ????????, ????? - 209-18
(ii) ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????
(iii) ??????? ???? ?? ??????
(iv) ?????????, ??????-1/?????-1
8. ??? ?????????, 6/210
9. (i)??????? ??????, ??? ??????, ??????????-???????, ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????
(ii) ???? ?????, ??? 1-2
10. ??????? ??????, 7/3
11. (i)???? ?? ??????? ????????, ??????-12
(ii) ????????, 4/5
(iii) ???????? ??????, 2/100/60, 6/91/22-23, 2/83/14
(iv) ????????, 4/12/2-7
12. (i) ???????? ??????, 1/45/31-32, 2/10/30, 6/91/21-28, 6/83/12, 6/101/30-32,45
(ii) ????????, 4/12 ?????, 19/44,45 ??? 6/139/1
13. (i) ?????? ???????: ???? ?? ??????
(ii) ????????-??????? ???, ???????
(iii) ????????, 1/22-25 ??? 2/27 ?????
(iv) ??? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?????
14. (i)??? ????????
(ii) ??????? ???? ?? ???????
(iii) ???? ?? ??????? ????????
15. ??? ????????, ????? 177-78
16. ?????? ??? ?????- ???????? ??? ????????, ??????, 2 ??? 13
(i) ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????, ??????-2
(ii) ?????? ??? ??????? ?????- “?????? ?????????“
(iii) ?????? ????????? ?? ?????
17. ??? ???????? - ??. 59
18. (i) ??????? ???? ?? ???????
(ii) ???? ?? ??????? ????????, ?????? 11
19. (i) ??????? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? 34-35
(ii) ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????, ?????? -7, ??. 340-42
20. (i) ??????? ???? ?? ??????
(ii) ???? ?? ??????? ????????, ?????? 11-12
(iii) ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ??????-7

1. ????? ??????, ????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ???, ????? ???????-1987
2. ??????? ???? ?? ??????, ???????? ?????, ??. ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? 2000
3. ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???????
4. ???? ?? ??????? ????????, ????? ????????, ???????? ???????, ???????, ???????-2003
5. ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ???. ?????????? ‘??????’, ?????? ???????????, ?????
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7. ??? ?????????, ???????????????, ???-1, ?????? ????????, ????? ??.-2001
8. ???? ?????, ??? 1-2, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????, ???????-???????, 2021 ??? ?????-?????, 2022 ????
9. ???????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????, ????? 2056
10. ?????? ???????: ???? ?? ??????, ???. ???? ??????, ???? ???????, ?????, ??.-2015
11. ??? ????? ? ??? ???????? ?????, ?????? ??????, ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ?????????
12. ??? ????????, ???????, ???? ???????, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????-???, 2016, ????????-1
13. ?????? ????????? ?? ?????, ???? ??????, ?????????, ?????, ????? ??.-1994