Volume : 11, Issue : 2, FEB 2025

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” (NCB-2025)

SOIL PESTICIDES AND THEIR MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE : A REVIEW

VIKRAM KUMAR*, CHANDRA GURNANI, ABHA DHINGRA, DINESH KUMAR, DEVENDER SINGH

Abstract

Soil pollution is a global issue stemming from anthropogenic and natural sources. Pesticides are significant pollutants in intensive agriculture systems. Due to their frequent application and durability, certain pesticides may build in soil or leach into nearby water bodies. Pesticides are chemical substances utilized to eradicate pests, a characteristic leveraged to safeguard crops from undesirable vegetation. Pesticides are employed to safeguard and enhance the yield and quality of agricultural produce. The overuse of these compounds and their environmental persistence have created significant issues, specifically soil and water pollution, and to a lesser degree, air pollution, resulting in detrimental consequences on the ecosystem and the food chain. Soil pollution frequently exhibits pesticide residue concentrations that exceed regulatory limits. In such instances, the objective is to diminish the concentration of toxic pollutants and achieve agricultural soils conducive to cultivating environmentally sustainable crops. The metabolic processes of indigenous microorganisms can be utilized for degradation, as bioremediation is an environmentally acceptable, cost-effective, and relatively efficient procedure in comparison to physical and chemical alternatives. Various biodegradation methods exist, utilizing bacterial, fungal, or enzymatic processes. The efficacy of these mechanisms in pollutant removal is contingent upon the nature of the pollutant and the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil. The control of pesticide usage is closely linked to their environmental effects. Currently, every nation can implement legislation to limit pesticide usage, ban the most detrimental substances, and establish permissible soil concentrations. This variety indicates that each country possesses a distinct view of the toxicity of these substances, resulting in varying market prices for the cultivated crops. This research seeks to elucidate the bioremediation of soils contaminated with commercial pesticides, focusing on the characteristics of the predominant and most utilized pesticides, including their classification and toxicity, as well as relevant global legislative components.

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