Volume : 4, Issue : 1, JAN 2018

CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENT, IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING, PROJECTIONS AND MITIGATION OF GHG EMISSIONS ENDORSING GREEN ENERGY

RAMESH PRASAD BHATT

Abstract

Climate change, an emerging global issues concern to ongoing rise in global average temperature by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The large amount of greenhouse gases and trapping energy into the atmosphere cause an effects to human health and ecosystems or life supporting system on the earth. Verified claim of global warming by the heat trapping gases like CO2 emitted from fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO2 in the earth above 60% from 1990 resulting increases on an average global temperatures 1oC since 2001 to 2015. IPCC projections in 2014 showed 2. 6ºC global warming by 2100 compared to 1850-1900 and more chances to exceed 3ºC by 2100. Sequential climate change projections like, GCMs, SDSM, RCMs, LAMs adopted with IPCC technical assistance and UNFCCs developed tools/methods for vulnerability and adaptation to climate change impacts, further driven climate model simulations RCPs, all methods projected global mean temperature rise by 0.3 to 4.8°C by the late 21st century. As cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the atmosphere between 1750 and 2011were 2040 ± 310 GtCO2, Conference of the Parties (COP) of UNFCC 2010 agreed to limit global warming below 2.0°C (3.6°F) and below 1.5°C relative to the pre-industrial level in the Paris Agreement and mitigation includes strategies to reduce greenhouse gas sources and emissions and enhancing greenhouse gas sinks. The large uses of fossil fuel based energy like Coal, Oil and Gas has extremely increased CO2 emission globally together with rapid population growth which can be reduced through promotion of renewable energy. Hydropower a clean energy generation is 16.6% in 2015 out of world's total electricity and 70% of all electricity generated represents 20% from hydropower which emits 35 to 70 times less GHGs per TWh than thermal power plants. Hydropower development a source of cost-effective and low-carbon renewable energy adopted about 160 countries with capacity of 1209 GWe generates about 3500TWh per year along in Asia with 542GW installed capacity and 2,204 GW potential. Nepal a country of southeast Asia has 63 projects in operation till November 2017 with 907.509MW installed capacity with contibution of low (1.67%) CO2 emmission in compare to 98.33% annaul reduction of carbon emmission estimated from disel/oil in the atmoshphere.

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