Volume : 9, Issue : 3, MAR 2023

DRA ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH, EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES

WIDE AREA MONITORING USING OPTIMIZED PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNITS

NARENDRA KUMAR, SANTOSH KUMARI MEENA

Abstract

The A power system is a complex dynamic system made up of interconnected power equipment. It mainly consists of generation, transmission, and distribution units. In the current modern era where almost everything has been modernized for a more efficient, better reliability, and independent monitoring, traditional power grids are also in the transitional process to become a modernized power grid, or widely known as the smart grid. The vision for the smart grid is to monitor and manage the power grid as efficiently as possible while providing better reliability and stability. A phasor measurement unit (PMU) sends time-synchronized data to a phasor data concentrator (PDC), which can provide a control signal to substation devices. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) based Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) can measure power system phasors synchronously and accurately. With the advent of wide-area measurement systems (WAMS), real-time calculations on transmission network condition is possible. One of the advanced technologies used is phasor measurement unit (PMU). PMU is a measurement device that can measure bus voltage phasor at the bus it is installed and the branch current phasor that is adjacent to it, hence, the name. PMU is also equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS), thus, the measurement data provided by the PMU can be calculated real-time due to time-stamping and synchronization. It aligns with smart grid visions to have a better monitoring of the power grid and more reliable. . Furthermore, the cost of the PMU itself is readily expensive although the price is expected to be decreased when there are more demands in future placement of PMUs in a power system.

Article : Download PDF

Cite This Article

-

Article No : 36

Number of Downloads : 732

References

1. Gopakumar P, Chandra G S, Reddy M J B, Mohanta D K. Optimal placement of PMUs for the smart grid implementation in Indian power grid — A case study. Frontiers in Energy, 7(3): 358–372, 2013.

2. Y. Shi, H. D. Tuan, T. Q. Duong, H. V. Poor, and A. V. Savkin, “PMU placement optimization for efficient state estimation in smart grid,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 71–83, 2020.

3. A. Dubey, S. Chakrabarti, and V. Terzija, “SCADA and PMU measurement based methods for robust hybrid state estimation,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 47, no. 9-10, pp. 849–860, 2019.

4. H. Manoharan, S. Srikrishna, G. Sivarajan, and A. Manoharan, “Economical placement of PMUs considering observability and voltage stability using binary coded ant lion optimization,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 28, no. 9, Article ID e2591, 2018.

5. T. Johnson and T. Moger, “A critical review of methods for optimal placement of phasor measurement units,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 3, p. 3, 2020.

6. N. M. Manousakis, G. N. Korres, and P. S. Georgilakis, “Taxonomy of PMU placement methodologies,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 1070–1077, 2012.

7. R. Babu and B. Bhattacharyya, “Strategic placements of PMUs for power network observability considering redundancy measurement,” Measurement, vol. 134, pp. 606–623, 2019.

8. S. Kumar, B. Tyagi, V. Kumar, and S. Chohan, “Optimization of phasor measurement units placement under contingency using reliability of network components,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 9893–9906, 2020.

9. M. K. Arpanahi, H. H. Alhelou, and P. Siano, “A novel multiobjective OPP for power system small signal stability assessment considering WAMS uncertainties,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3039–3050, 2020

10. Z. Jin, P. Dattaray, P. Wall, J. Yu, and V. Terzija, “A screening rule-based iterative numerical method for observability analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 4188–4198, 2017.

11. Phadke, A.G., Volskis, H., de Moraes, R.M., Bi, T., Nayak, R.N., Sehgal, Y.K., Sen, S., Sattinger, W., Martinez, E., Samuelsson, O. and Novosel, D., 2008. The wide world of wide-area measurement. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 6(5), pp.52-65.

12. M. B. Mohammadi, R. A. Hooshmand, and F. H. Fesharaki, “A new approach for optimal placement of PMUs and their required communication infrastructure in order to minimize the cost of the WAMS,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 84–93, 201

13. A. Pal, A. K. S. Vullikanti, and S. S. Ravi, “A PMU  Placement Scheme Considering Realistic Costs and Modern Trends in Relaying,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 552–561, 2017.

14. S. Nikkhah, J. Aghaei, B. Safarinejadian, and M.-A. Norouzi “Contingency constrained phasor measurement units placemen with n − k redundancy criterion: a robust optimisation approach,” IET Sci. Meas. Technol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 151–160, 2018.

15. K. Satish Kumar and M. Sydulu, “Optimal PMU placement techniques for the topological observability of a partial network of the southern grid of India”, vol. 3, no. PART 1. IFAC, 2014.

16. C. Lu, Z. Wang, M. Ma, R. Shen, Y. Yu, and S. Member, “An Optimal PMU Placement With Reliable Zero Injection Observation,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 54417–54426, 2018.

17. S. P. Singh, A. K. Thakur, and S. P. Singh, “PMU Placement for Maximum Observability of Power System under Different Contingencies,” Energy Procedia, vol. 117, pp. 893–900, 2017.

18. Nadia H.A. Rahman, Ahmed F. Zobaa “Optimal PMU placement using topology transformation method in power systems” Journal of Advanced Research 7, 625–634, 2016.

19. Rahul Gore, Mallikarjun Kande “Analysis of Wide Area Monitoring System Architectures” IEEE, 978-1-4799-7800-7/15, 2015.